Mushrooms are collected in the Tver region after the first rains have passed. The forest delicacies of these places are distinguished by excellent taste and variety. Before picking, beginners need to prepare - find out where the mushroom places are in Tver, how to distinguish edible mushrooms from poisonous ones, which ones are suitable for drying or pickling, and which ones are suitable for hot dishes.
Mushrooms in the Tver region
General characteristics
In order not to spoil the pleasure of harvesting the forest harvest, you should definitely talk to experienced people so that they would suggest where the best mushroom spots are located in the region.
Mushrooms do not belong to plants or animals, therefore they are often called "forest organisms". They are divided into 4 categories according to edibility:
- Category 1: edible;
- Category 2: conditionally edible;
- Category 3: inedible;
- Category 4: poisonous.
According to taste, there is another classification of the 1st category. Edibles are divided, in turn, into three categories, but according to their taste:
- the most delicious and noble: white, white milk mushrooms, mushrooms;
- volvushki (white and pink), oak, boletus, Polish and forest mushrooms are somewhat inferior to them in taste.
- the category of mushrooms with an average taste and low aroma includes chanterelles, mushrooms, honey agarics, russula and morels.
Conditionally edible are difficult to prepare and do not have a characteristic aroma. These are cobwebs, morel cap, sulfur-yellow tinder fungus, etc. They are cooked for at least 1 hour, it is better to do this only by specially trained people.
Types of mushrooms
Edible mushrooms
The first harvest is started in spring, when the air temperature has already warmed up enough, reached 15-17 ° C and the first warm spring rains have passed. Spring "firstborns" begin to appear from under the ground:
- morels;
- lines;
- May mushrooms;
- tinder fungus;
- field mushrooms;
- birch sponges.
Sponges (tinder fungi) on birches and oaks are quite edible and original in taste. Champignons will delight until the onset of cold weather, until November. They grow both in meadows and in the thick of forests. They are good because they do not require long cooking.
During the summer months, the following representatives of the edible mushroom group appear:
- boletus;
- white;
- boletus;
- loading;
- chanterelles;
- white milk mushrooms;
- pigs
- oyster mushrooms.
They are the most popular and the most common. Their home is coniferous and mixed forests. Some grow on well-lit forest edges, while others love partial shade and hide in the depths of the forest.
Russula and chanterelles, which appear in July, are met at the foothills of firs and pines until November. In the second half of summer, umbrella mushrooms, porcini and their varieties appear. There are especially many of them in birch groves, whole families are found there.
The collection continues until the onset of cold weather. Autumn will delight you with boletus, black mushrooms and other species.
Poisonous mushrooms
Fly agarics contain a lot of toxins
It happens that mushroom pickers mistakenly put poisonous mushrooms in their baskets, which are similar to their edible counterparts or those that are attracted by their beauty (fly agarics or hare lip).
The red fly agaric is a bright and beautiful specimen. It can be both tall and small in size. The pulp of this species contains a large amount of toxins.
A hare lip or gall mushroom is considered a double of white, but in taste and all other qualities, the difference is truly cardinal. The gall fungus tastes bitter, its poison is very dangerous and can cause serious problems (up to death) with the liver. Removing toxins at home is difficult. On close examination, it differs from white in a thin gray mesh on the stem and pink pigmentation on the back (lower) side of the cap.
Poisonous include:
- the pig is thin;
- satanic mushroom;
- death cap;
- rowing a talker;
- lepiota;
- fiberglass.
Irina Selyutina (Biologist):
Fiber is a genus of mushrooms from the Spiderweb family. The genus got its name because of the fibrous stem. Virtually all species are poisonous, many of them contain a large amount of the toxin (alkaloid) muscarine, and 7 species are hallucinogens containing the alkaloid psilocybin. Of the 150 known species, 100 grows on the territory of Russia. Meeting everywhere, it quite often accidentally falls on a person's table and causes severe poisoning that requires immediate medical attention.
Fibers are characterized by the following features in the external structure:
- Hat:
- the form: conical in young specimens, bell-shaped in adults (with a sharp tubercle in the center);
- diameter 2-8 cm;
- surface: silky-fibrous, with longitudinal radial cracks, often with a wavy torn edge and translucent pulp;
- coloring: whitish to yellow ocher.
- Pulp: white or yellowish, with an unpleasant odor and taste.
- Hymenophore: lamellar. The plates forming it are wide, often located, with age, change color from light to grayish-brown.
- Leg: long (up to 7 cm), widening towards the base, its color is light at the top, reddish-brown at the bottom. By the way. The light colored part of the stem is characterized by the presence of a mealy bloom.
Toadstools are externally similar to russules. However, the differences still exist in the form of a thin "skirt" on the leg of a toadstool, but russules do not. When ingested, pale toadstools are fatal.
In the wild, there are many lamellar mushrooms - poisonous counterparts of edible species, so before going into the forest (especially for novice mushroom pickers), you should carefully study all possible types of forest organisms.
Mushroom places
In Tver, mushroom pickers will delight many types of edible and tasty mushrooms. According to the mushroom map of the region, their entire families are in forests, in clearings and even in summer cottages. People travel to the Tver region from Moscow, the Moscow region and other regions and regional centers.
In the territory of the region there are dense forests. Mushrooms in Tver grow in such coniferous, deciduous and mixed forests.
- village Poddubye: there is no better place for whites, boletus and aspen mushrooms than the forest near this settlement. Chanterelles and boletus are found here. It is not far from the village of Rozhdestveno, if you turn left, reaching the stop "Zavod 1 Maya".
- Zavolzhsky village: behind it, on Vasilievsky Mss, there is a forest in which mushrooms are picked all season, from early spring to late autumn.
- road to Staritsa: in the forests from the village of Kalinovo to Rzhev boletus, mushrooms, chanterelles grow.
- village Semenovskoe: in the pine forest near her there are many white, mushrooms and waves.
- Turginovskaya road: lovers of "quiet hunting" praise the mushroom places located along it. In those forests, chanterelles, russula and various berries are collected.
Benefit and harm
Benefit
The chemical composition of mushrooms is very peculiar. They are approximately 90% water. They contain fiber, potassium, calcium and magnesium necessary for cell building. A huge amount of vitamins, nicotinic acid and 18 amino acids out of 20 known, involved in protein synthesis. Regular consumption of mushrooms helps to prevent liver and kidney diseases (including urolithiasis) and circulatory system.
Daily consumption of food serves as the prevention of malignant tumors, stimulates human immunity.
Harm
Again, due to the nature of the chemical composition, mushrooms are considered a heavy food that is difficult to digest. People suffering from diseases of the gastrointestinal tract should use them in limited quantities. They contain chitin, which slows down the work of the stomach and, if dishes are improperly prepared, contributes to the course of putrefactive processes in the digestive tract.
When preparing dishes, salting or preserving for the winter, it is extremely important to adhere to the exact recipe. You should carefully sort out the crop, rinse it in several waters, boil it and then proceed to the main cooking method. Otherwise, cases of botulism are known.
New harvest of mushrooms in the Tver region. 08.07.2019
The mushrooms are gone! For mushrooms in the Tver region. I am opening the mushroom season.
The mushroom season has begun in the Tver region
Contraindications
Mushrooms behave like a natural sponge and are characterized by their ability to accumulate toxins from the soil and the environment in their fruit bodies. They should not be collected near busy roads, burial sites, industrial plants and agricultural land, i.e. where there is either active traffic, or decomposition of organic compounds with a high probability of containing toxins, or the use of chemicals. People with weakened immunity, pregnant and lactating women, as well as children, can eat mushrooms only with the permission of a doctor.
Conclusion
The Tver region is one of the best places for "quiet hunting", which begins in spring and continues until frost. After a successful hike, there are no problems with preparations for the winter. It is easy to please loved ones and friends with a variety of delicious dishes from such delicacies. A walk in the forest will bring not only aesthetic pleasure, but also benefit.