Early grapes Transfiguration is considered one of the most productive, large-fruited and beautiful. For its worthy characteristics and unpretentiousness, the variety was recognized by both professional winegrowers and amateur gardeners.
the elite grape variety “Transfiguration” is characterized by high productivity and dessert taste of berries
grape variety “Transfiguration”
Bunches of grapes "Transformation" well tolerate transportation, have an attractive presentation
Selection history
The Transfiguration grapes were obtained as a result of a complex crossing of the radiant Kishmish and Talisman varieties by a practitioner and breeder by vocation V. N. Krainov from the city of Novocherkassk. In 2014, the variety was included in the State Register of the Russian Federation.
From the basic grape variety varieties got the best characteristics:
- early ripening of the crop;
- excellent taste of fruits;
- high productivity.
In the course of breeding, three similar varieties were bred: Transfiguration, Victor and Yubiley Novocherkassk. It is they who make up the famous “Kraynov's Three”.
Grape Description
Botanical description of grapes Transfiguration:
- Vine. The bush is vigorous, with intensive shoot formation and a powerful root system. The leaves are glossy, medium in size, without pubescence, five-lobed, with a long petiole. Shoots 2.5-3 m long.
- The bunch Heavy clusters are formed, medium density, cylindrical-conical. Their mass with proper care and favorable weather can reach 2-3 kg. The average weight of a brush of grapes is from 800 g to 1 kg. Grapes are not prone to peas. Berries in a bunch do not deform.
- Berries The ripened amber-pink berries, very large, reach a length of 4.5 cm, a width of about 2.5 cm, a cylindrical shape. The dense pulp is filled with clear juice. The seeds are medium, 2-3 in the berry. The fruits are not prone to cracking, even with a long stay on the bush, they are difficult to come off the bunch. Peel of medium thickness and density, with a light waxy coating.
When the vines are overloaded with berries, their palatability deteriorates. The fruits are fresh and watery.
Key Transformation Features
Bushes grow quickly and do not require complicated maintenance. Variety with a short ripening period allows you to get decent crops where the summer does not last long. An important factor contributing to the expansion of the geography of cultivation of the variety Transfiguration is its good resistance to frost.
Watch the video review of Transfiguration grapes below:
The following are the characteristics of the variety:
Characteristics / Parameters | Description / Meaning |
Ripening time | Early and very early. Timing depends on the region of cultivation and weather conditions. To complete ripening - 105-115 days. The first fruits can be tasted on the 100th day. |
Frost / drought resistance | Medium. The plant can freeze at a temperature of -18ºС. Needs reliable shelter. Resistance to drought is medium. |
Pollination | Self-pollinated, bisexual flowers. |
Productivity and fruiting | Stable high-yielding variety, on average, one bush gives 20 kg, from 1 ha - 236 c. In the southern climate, you can harvest 2 crops per season (in July and October). |
Disease and pest resistance | Low resistance to diseases: powdery mildew, bacterial cancer, spotted necrosis, etc. Wasps, grape fleas, pillows can do great harm to the vineyard. |
Taste qualities | Pleasant, delicate, harmonious taste. There is a slight sourness, no aroma. Sugar - 17-19%, acidity - 7 g / l. The pulp is fleshy, juicy, sweet. The tasting score of fresh grapes is 8.5. |
Berry weight | Average - 14 g, maximum - up to 20 g. |
Direction of use | Table grade. |
Application area | Use fresh, for the manufacture of raisins, homemade wine, juice. Grapes are suitable for compotes, preserves, jams, they are pickled. |
Regional | All regions of the Russian Federation where grapes are traditionally grown, as well as the middle strip of Russia. |
Transportability, storage | It tolerates transportation well. It does not lose its presentation for a long time when stored in a ventilated, cool room (temperature 8-10 degrees). Shelf life - up to 6 months. |
Advantages and disadvantages of the variety
The strengths of the variety are:
- high productivity;
- large-fruited;
- self-pollination, which makes it possible to grow Transfiguration in greenhouses, pollinating varieties are not required;
- early ripening of fruits;
- undemanding to the type and composition of the soil;
- high commercial qualities: beautiful, large grape brushes attract attention;
- long does not lose its presentation, good transportability;
- not prone to peeling;
- the ability to harvest the second crop of the season from stepchildren in regions with a warm climate;
- good rooting of seedlings;
- the variety easily takes root on various stocks;
- Adapted to different climatic zones.
The disadvantages of grapes Transformation:
- low resistance to fungal diseases;
- a predisposition of shoots to fatliquoring;
- the variety is attractive to insects;
- when the vine is overloaded, the taste of the fruit deteriorates.
Features of grape planting
The survival of the hybrid form The transformation is good, the seedling quickly adapts in place, but for rooting, intensive growth and development, you need to properly prepare and plant the plant.
When to plant?
They choose the time for planting, taking into account the particular climate of their region. To plant grafted and root crops of grapes Transformation can be done in spring and autumn. This is most often done in the spring, when the soil warms up to 7-8ºС.
Planting of cuttings of a year-old fruiting vine is carried out later, at a soil temperature of 10-12 ° C, and air - not lower than + 15 ° C. It is better not to plant such planting material in the fall.
Choosing a place and preparing a landing pit
The taste of grapes and the saturation of its color largely depend on the level of illumination of the site. Sweet, intense blush berries are obtained when the plant does not lack light. Therefore, it is important to choose a place at a distance from large trees and shrubs.
The place should be calm, sunny, on the south side of the site, ideally protected from the wind by a building wall or fence. The level of groundwater occurrence is at least 1.5 m from the soil surface.
For the spring planting of a seedling, a pit is prepared in the fall:
- Dig a hole 60x60 cm in size, the same depth.
- Fold the topsoil near the pit.
- Fold the less fertile bottom layer of land on the other side.
- Place 1 bucket of compost or rotted manure at the bottom of the pit (you can mix organics 1: 1).
- Add potash and phosphorus fertilizers (100 g each).
- Fill with half of the soil taken from the top layer.
- Stir, add another bucket of organics and the same dose of fertilizer.
- Rake into the pit the second part of the fertile soil, mix.
- Fill the pit to the top with soil from the bottom layer.
With this method of distribution of nutrients, the roots will not be able to find food in the upper layers, and will begin to grow inland. This arrangement of the root system will help the grapes withstand both drought and winter cold.
Seedling preparation
The best survival rate for grapes planted in spring. In advance, get seedlings or prepare the cuttings yourself. The root system of a healthy seedling has a whitish color, and the cut of the stem is green. Check the integrity of the bark, there should be no damage.
If the plant has given new sprouts from the buds, they are removed, leaving one of the largest. Remove dried branches and leaves, if any. The top is cut off from the main sprout, leaving a part of the stem with five eyes.
The tips of the roots are cut so that their total length does not exceed 15-17 cm. Next, the roots of the plant are soaked in water at room temperature, where one of the stimulants, for example, Kornevin or Gumat, is added. All this is done 1-2 days before landing.
Step-by-step instructions for landing
In mid-spring, when the earth warmed up, they began to plant grapes. It consists of the following steps:
- in a hole prepared in the fall, make a hole with a mound in the middle;
- lower the seedling on the knoll, and evenly spread the roots of the plant;
- fill in with soil, compacting it well;
- pour plenty of water;
- mulch the trunk circle.
Care after planting and further cultivation
Subsequent grape care consists of pruning, watering, fertilizing and protecting against diseases and pests.
Watering
Hybrid form Transfiguration needs regular watering, but does not tolerate excessive water. The root system of the plant goes deep into the soil, and so that all the roots get moisture, they are watered with large portions of water.
Excessively plentiful watering has a negative effect on the taste of berries. The fruits are made tasteless, with watery pulp.
Water the plants according to this scheme:
- The first time after planting - 1 bucket of water is poured once a week.
- After a month - 1 time in 3-4 weeks (4 buckets).
- Moisture-charging irrigation is arranged in spring and autumn, despite the presence of rainfall:
- Autumn - in order to make the vine easier to tolerate the frosty period;
- spring - to activate the kidneys.
For surface irrigation, if an underground soil moisture system is not provided, a groove 20 cm deep is made around the bush, at a distance of 30 cm from the root neck. In this groove and pour water.
When, how and what to fertilize?
The plant should receive the full range of necessary nutrients. The table will help you figure out when, what and why should you feed the growing grapes:
Top dressing | Than? | When? | For what? |
1st root top dressing | 40-50 g nitrofoski per 1 square. m | 7-14 days before flowering. | The pollination process is better, the clusters are larger. |
1st foliar top dressing | Usually carried out in conjunction with spraying bushes with fungicides. In 10 l of water, 2-3 g of copper sulfate, 10-20 g of boric acid and 23 g of iron sulfate are mixed. | 2-3 days before flowering. | Reduces shedding of ovaries. |
2nd root top dressing | 30-60 g nitrofoski per square. m | 14-16 days after flowering. | Provides active growth of berries and shoots. |
2nd foliar top dressing | 1 g of potassium permanganate, 30-40 g of urea, 20 g of citric acid, 10-15 g of iron sulfate. | The fruits are in the stage of small peas. | Prevents paralysis of crests and grape chlorosis. |
3rd root top dressing | 1 tbsp. l Kalimagnesia, 15 g of potassium salt, 20 g of superphosphate. | 7-14 days before fruit ripening. | Improves the taste of berries, prevents their cracking and slightly accelerates ripening. |
4th root top dressing | On 10 l of water 1-2 tablets of micronutrient fertilizers or ash infusion. | Before ripening berries. | Prevents gray rot disease, improves the taste characteristics of fruits. |
5th root dressing | 30-40 g of superphosphate, 20-30 g of potassium sulfate. | After the harvest. | Improves the maturation of shoots. |
Features of mulching
In order to preserve moisture and nutrients in the soil, as well as to protect plants from slugs, they mulch in the fall and spring. To do this, use peat, humus, bark, sawdust or straw. With a layer of organics of 3 cm, the trunk circle is mulched. During the period of frost, mulch plays the role of a heater of the grape bush.
Cropping and shaping
Without the formation and pruning of a good grape harvest will not be. Thickened vine contributes to the development of disease. Pruning can be done before the buds swell in the spring, or in the fall. The average number of shoots on the bush is 24-30 pieces.
We recommend reading the article on spring pruning of grapes.
Using cropping:
- the number of brushes of grapes is regulated;
- the shape of the bush is formed;
- shoot growth is activated.
For the Transformation, a fan-shaped form of formation is recommended. The length of the fruit vine is shortened to 6-8 eyes. During the growing season, stepsoning is carried out in order to collect a full-fledged main crop. If a second crop is expected in October, then this is not necessary.
Due to the large size of the fruits and brushes, the variety Transfiguration needs to ration the yield. Only one grape cluster is retained on the shoot. Alternatively, you can solve the problem by pinching the bottom of the cluster 1/3 or 1/4. Do this at the initial stage of formation of the brush, when the fruits are the size of a pea.
Large grape varieties must be normalized, otherwise the crop will remain unripe, and an excessively overloaded bush will not have time to prepare for wintering.
Bird protection
There are two main areas of crop protection from birds: isolation and repelling:
- Insulation:
- ripening clusters are placed in protective bags (mesh plastic, nets for vegetables, etc.);
- a small vineyard is covered completely using tulle, a fishing net and other materials in a fine net.
- Scare away. Use sound, optical or combined effects:
- Plastic bags cut into strips are hung on trellises (preference for blue - birds are afraid of blue and mirror).
- Hang up CDs and combine this protection with a sound effect, for example, use ratchets.
- You can arm yourself with the experience of European winegrowers, and make repellent devices from balloons. Blue, black and orange will do. Huge eyes are painted on them from all sides, after which the balls are tied to trellises.
To use a scarecrow or CD disks without noise is useless. Birds quickly get used to it, and are not afraid of such remedies.
Winter preparations
In autumn, shoots are cut to 1/4 of their length. When the thermometer drops below -5 ° C, it is time to cover the grapes. Having removed from supports, the vine is laid on the ground, pinned with garden staples, and covered with roofing material, burlap, covering material, etc. A layer of soil up to 10 cm thick is poured on top.
Cutting and grafting
The grafting of cuttings is another way of planting Transfiguration grapes. You must make sure that the selected cuttings are healthy and suitable for planting:
- Each stalk should have a minimum of 2-3 eyes. From the cut of the handle to the lower eye, there should be no more than 3-5 mm. If the distance is greater, the excess is cut off.
- Before planting, the cuttings are placed in a container with warm water, where a few drops of a growth stimulator are added. Soaked for a day.
- If vaccination is done in autumn, then to increase frost resistance and preserve moisture, the tip of the handle is dipped in hot paraffin. Then immediately dip into a container of cold water.
- The stock should be split so that one stalk fits there. They clean it to a smooth state.
- The junction of the stock and the shank is tightly tied around the rootstock with a cloth. The vaccination site is coated with clay.
So that the grapes do not freeze, before the onset of frost, you need to wrap it.
Disease, treatment and prevention
Transformation is not highly resistant to disease. The most common diseases and methods of combating them are presented in the table.
Disease | Symptoms | How to fight? |
Powdery Mildew (Oidium) | Fungal disease. White coating on grape leaves and berries. The peel of the fruit is cracked, the leaves are wilted. Then the shoots dry up, the berries and leaves fall off. | Fungicides are used: Topaz, Vitaros, Fundazol, Fitosporin-M, bio-fungicide Alirin-B and many others. other Folk remedy: 4 g of soda ash and the same amount of soap are dissolved in a liter of water. Spray 2 times with a weekly interval. |
Spotted necrosis | Appears after wintering under shelter. On the wood, under the bark, dark oblong spots of dead tissue appear, then the affected part of the plant dries up and dies. | Treatment and prevention:
|
Mildew (downy mildew) | Lightening leaves, the appearance of small rounded spots of red-yellow color. Then the underside of the sheet is covered with white coating. In addition to leaves, inflorescences, shoots, and berries are also affected. The bush may die. | Treatment is carried out in several stages:
Copper sulfate is an effective tool in the early stages and for prevention. Preparations: Abiga-Peak, Strobi, bio-products Planriz or Alirin-B. In severe cases, organic fungicides with copper or sulfur are used: Ridomil Gold, Champion, Cabrio Top. |
Bacterial cancer | It enters the plant when it is processed with a non-sterile tool. Cracking of the cortex occurs, tumorous growths form. | Not treated, the infected bush is destroyed. |
To prevent the appearance of many dangerous bacterial and fungal diseases of grapes, preventive measures will help, including the treatment of plants with Bordeaux liquid.
The first treatment is carried out in the fall, when the leaves fall, spraying the vine bushes and the ground beneath them. The second is for unopened kidneys. The third spraying is carried out on shoots 10-12 cm long.
Bordeaux fluid is used only for prevention. If signs of the disease appear on the leaves, then they switch to more effective methods, and they process the grapes with the necessary preparation.
Pests, control methods and prevention
Maximum damage to the bushes of grapes Transformation cause wasps, which attracted by the high sugar content of the fruit. In large quantities, they flock to the vineyard, eat away juicy, sweet pulp, as a result of which damaged berries spoil, and the grape brushes lose their presentation.
Fighting them is difficult and often useless. The following OS protection methods can be used:
- Sweet bait. They are made of plastic containers, where they pour honey water, fermented compote or syrup. The baits are hung in sunny places.
- Mesh bags. A bag of gauze, tulle and similar materials is put on each grape brush, and tied on top.
- Smoke. You can drive away wasps with "Liquid Smoke" or smoke from a fire.
- Artificial repeller. Use the drug Soch W, it is non-toxic. When it settles on the fruits and leaves, the smell of smoke remains, which repels insects.
- Destruction of hornet's nests. Use insecticides against wasps. In the dark, a nest with insects is treated with the drug from all sides, especially in the middle. It is important to reliably protect all parts of the body with protective clothing. As a light source take a flashlight with red glass.
In addition to wasps, other insects also cause significant damage to the grape plantings. In the table below are the most common ones.
Pests | Harm | Control measures |
Grape Spider Mite | It lives on the underside of the sheet, actively devouring its tissue. A whitish-yellow coating and light spots appear on the damaged leaves, with time they dry up. |
|
Pillowcase | It feeds on juice, attached to shoots and leaves. It produces a protective film through which insecticides do not penetrate. The plant loses its strength and dies. | The most effective method is manual collection of insects. |
Grape Moth | Lays eggs on the underside of the leaf. The caterpillars that appeared, eating juice, gnaw passages in the leaves. Light stripes form on the sheet plate. | Disposal of fallen leaves, loosening of the soil around the grape bush and the use of insecticide. |
Reviews of grapes Transfiguration
Igor Nikolaevich, 41 years old, beginning winegrower, Crimea.By the ability to form inflorescences in August, and then to give a second crop in October, Transfiguration is an undeniable leader. The fruits of the October harvest of saturated pink color stood out well against the background of autumn varieties. For the sale of seedlings, another advertisement was not required.
Valentine, 33 years old, summer resident, Maykop.This year, the berries of the Transfiguration are more beautiful, brighter than in the past. I came to the conclusion that the color depends on the sun. If the vine is well lit, then the berries are more beautiful and sweeter. And if a small shadow - pale turn out.
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Grapes Transfiguration in the performance of all necessary agricultural activities, will surely please an abundant and beautiful crop. Despite the young age of the variety, it is a worthy choice both for growing in a summer cottage and for commercial gardening.