Peeling peas is one of the cultivar groups of the culture, which is used mainly in the food industry. It is this type of plant that is used to produce cereals, which can be found on the shelves of any grocery store. Various varieties of peeling peas can be grown both in industrial volumes and in small gardens.
General characteristics
Peas of peeling varieties serves mainly as a source of seeds, that is, for consumption or harvesting it must be peeled. The blades of the pods are also suitable for food, but only in an immature form, you have to clean them from the parchment layer.
General characteristics of peeling peas:
- a large range of plant heights, can reach 2 m, in dwarf varieties - 0.25-0.4 m;
- the pods are called beans, the average length is 8-12 cm, inside up to 10-12 pea seeds;
- the shoulder blades are dense, with a parchment layer;
- low sugar in fruits, a lot of starch, high calorie content;
- different ripening periods, not less than 30-40 days, rarely more than 3 months;
- fruiting can last up to 1.5 months;
- 1 sq. m brings up to 4 kg of peas.
Fresh husk varieties are inferior to sugar in taste, therefore, they are used mainly for preparing hot dishes.
The best varieties
There are many peas cultivars. The following options deserve special attention:
- Adagum. Reaches 0.7-0.8 m, matures on average in 70 days. On one plant, up to 14 beans are 6-7 cm long with 6-9 dark green peas. 1 sq. m brings up to 1 kg of fruit. The taste is excellent, fruiting friendly.
- Alpha. Grows 0.5-0.55 m, ripens in 50 days. In dark green pods 8 cm long, 5-9 seeds each. With 1 sq. m collect up to 2 kg, the variety has a sweet taste.
- Viola. Stems 0.7-0.8 cm, ripening 67 days. Beans of 6.5-8 cm with wide shoulder blades, each with 6-9 angularly-rounded peas. m remove up to 1.1 kg of beans. The variety is recommended for canning.
- Sunrise. Height 0.65-0.75 m, ripening 67 days. Up to 12 beans per plant, medium size. Shovels with a pronounced parchment layer. The peas are medium sized, the surface is wrinkled. m remove up to 0.7 kg. The variety is resistant to pea weevil and codling moth.
- Dakota. The average height of 0.7 m, matures in 40-50 days. Fruits of 10 cm, 2-3 pieces per node, inside 5-6 seeds. High productivity - up to 1.5 kg per 1 sq. Km. m, long-term storage.
- Dinga. The average height of 0.95 m, ripening up to 70 days. 11 cm wide beans with 9-10 dark green peas. High yield - up to 1.1 kg of seeds per 1 square. m. The variety is resistant to Fusarium, taste characteristics are excellent.
- Superb 240. It reaches a height of 0.4-0.7 m, ripens 70-80 days. Beans of 8-9 cm with 6-9 angular-square peas. m remove up to 1.7 kg of beans. Great taste, universal use.
- Early 301. Reaches 0.7 m, ripens 65-75 days. Beans of 6-8 cm with 5-7 yellow-green seeds. m brings up to 1.1 kg of beans, ripening friendly.
- Early Gribovsky 11. Height 0.35-0.4 m, ripening 65-60 days. 8-10 cm wide dark green beans with 6-8 yellowish green peas. m remove up to 2.2 kg of beans or 1 kg of peas. Harvest is formed together.
- Sovinter 1. Stalks of 0.85 m, maturation in 47-63 days. On the plant, an average of 12 beans of 9 cm with 7-9 large angular-square peas. m remove up to 0.7 kg of peas. The variety is resistant to adverse climates and ascochitosis.
Landing time
Peeling peas can be planted at the end of April. Specific deadlines vary by region. Seeds germinate at 2-5 degrees, the ovaries are well formed at 13-15 degrees, and beans grow at 17-22 degrees. The culture tolerates short-term frosts up to -6 degrees.
Growing conditions
Shelled peas are preferred in sunny areas, but some varieties can also be grown in partial shade. Mandatory remoteness of groundwater. The place should be open and well ventilated.
The culture grows better on loam and sandy loam soil, prefers neutral soil. If it is too acidic, then for 1 square. m need to add 0.3 kg of lime or 0.4 kg of dolomite flour.
An important condition is the observance of crop rotation. Peeling peas can be planted after potatoes, pumpkins, cucumbers, tomatoes, winter or spring crops. Other legumes are bad predecessors; peas can be returned to their original place only after 4 years.
Soil preparation
A plot for growing peas should be prepared in the fall. Be sure to dig it, remove weeds, burn plant debris. When digging, add 6 kg of organics per 1 sq. Km. m, do not use fresh manure.
Before planting peeling peas, the beds need to be loosened and moistened. Heavy soils require re-digging, even if it was carried out in the fall.
Preparing planting material
For good germination and growth, the seeds of peeling peas must be properly prepared by choosing one of the options:
- Soak the seed by adding 1 tbsp. l salt per liter of water. Surfaced instances for landing are not suitable. After soaking, peas should be rinsed with plain water.
- Soak the seeds for 12-15 hours in plain water. It should be at room temperature, it needs to be changed every 3 hours. Such a measure will accelerate the germination of seeds.
- For better germination and increase immunity, use a solution of Epin, Humate or Nitragin. In the selected product, soak the seeds for 3 hours, then keep in plain water.
After any soaking, dry the material so that it becomes loose.
Landing
It is convenient to plant peas in the holes, but grooves can also be made. To deepen seeds by 3-6 cm taking into account soil density and recommendations of the producer. The distance between rows and neighboring plants depends on the height of the crop. The row spacing should be at least 20-30 cm, leave at least 10 cm in the same row between the holes.
When planting, it is effective to add a mixture of ash and compost to the bottom of the holes (grooves). Sprinkle fertilizer with earth, then place peas, sprinkle with earth again and lightly tamp.
Crops require protection from birds. You can cover them with film, branches, straw, grass.
Crop care during cultivation
Growing peeling peas is easy. Care should be comprehensive.
Watering
Peas love moisture, so you need to water it every week, spending 10 liters of water per 1 sq. Km. During flowering, watering should be increased up to 2-3 times a week.
In the rainy period, peas do not need to be watered, and in drought, moisten it every 5 days. The earth should not dry out, otherwise the crop will suffer.
For large areas, drip irrigation is best. You can water individual beds with a watering can with a fine nozzle. Strong head is excluded.
After each watering, you need to loosen the soil to ensure its good aeration. This measure can be replaced by mulching.
Top dressing
On fertile and well-prepared soil in autumn, peeling peas grow well and without fertilizers. After emergence, it is recommended to use herbal infusion, it is better to cook it from nettle. The tool is used for watering. If the soil is depleted, then this fertilizing is repeated several times.
Before flowering, it is effective to apply mineral fertilizers. You can dissolve in a bucket of water 10 g of superphosphate and potassium salt, or add the substance in dry form at 25 g per 1 sq. Between feeding for 2 weeks.
Supports
Only low-growing cultivars do not need to be tied up. It is recommended to arrange supports before planting, and to tie up plants at a height of 15-20 cm. Without this measure, the stems will weaken, the beans will grow poorly and mature, and the risk of disease will increase.
Weeding
It is recommended to get rid of weeds after each watering. Weeds take the moisture and nutrients needed by the crop. Do not leave torn weed grass in the garden.
Pest and Disease Control
The main problem of peas is fungal diseases. The culture can be affected by ascochitosis, fusarium, gray rot, rust, powdery mildew (including false). Fungicides - Fundazole, Trichophytum, Fitosporin-M, Bordeaux liquid are struggling with such diseases.
Among bacterial lesions, bacteriosis is more common. Spraying with solutions of Bordeaux liquid, copper sulfate, Gamair, Fitolavin will help get rid of it.
Often peeling peas suffer from pests, especially caryopsis and codling moths. The first is fought with insecticides - Accord, Caesar, Tsepellin, Tsunami. The moths are disposed of with the help of insecticides and acaricides - Alkot, Operkot, Paragraph.
Harvesting and storage
The optimal time for harvesting depends on the precocity of a particular variety and the purpose of the crop. For fresh consumption, peeling peas must be collected still immature. For food, you can use the shoulder blades of such pods, if you remove the parchment layer.
For harvesting for the winter, peeling peas must be collected after ripening, which is indicated by the yellowing of the pods. Raw materials can be prepared in the following ways:
- Drying. You can dry the peas for several days in the wild or speed up the process with a dryer or oven. Store raw materials in sealed containers, you can use it to prepare hot dishes.
- Conservation. There are many options in this case, more often pickled peas. Marinade is made from water, vinegar, salt and sugar.
- Freezing. So only peas are harvested, it is better to collect them until they are ripe. Raw materials should be frozen portionwise, laying out in one layer. Pour frozen peas in one container or bag, use for hot dishes.
Peeling peas are unpretentious, it is easy to grow it. It is important to pay attention to the recommendations for a particular variety - they relate to the characteristics of planting, care and application of the crop. When choosing, it is necessary to take into account the crop yield and its taste characteristics.