The cabbage variety The gift was distributed in our country as early as 1961, but has still not lost popularity. The point is the excellent commercial and taste qualities of the variety, its resistance to different climatic conditions and diseases. You will learn about what other advantages the Gift cabbage has and how to grow it properly, in this article.
Cabbage Gift
Cabbage Gift can be grown in all regions of the country
Cabbage has a pleasant sweet taste
Description
The variety is distributed in Russia for more than 50 years. It was bred by the breeders of the Gribovsky station and entered in the State Register in 1961. Originally, the Gift was created for mass sale, but after a short time gained popularity among gardeners, due to its external characteristics and good taste. Today, Cabbage Gift is popular in agriculture.
The variety is suitable for cultivation in all regions of the country.
Characteristics, productivity
There are several main parameters that are characteristic of the variety:
- The form. Rounded, slightly flattened on top.
- Colour. Outwardly grayish-green, inside a little yellowish.
- Leaves. Oval or round, wavy at the edges. The upper leaves are covered with a slight waxy coating.
- Head out. It has a fairly dense structure. Medium size.
- Ripening period. Mid-late. Harvesting takes place 4-4.5 months after planting.
Table of the main characteristics of the cabbage varieties Gift:
Growing season, days | Outlet diameter, m | Weight, kg | The size of the stoker, cm | Productivity, kg / sq. m |
120-135 | up to 1 | 3-5 | 20-25 | 9 |
Application
Cabbage contains many vitamins and nutrients, so it can be used in the manufacture of baby food and diet products. Also, the fruits of the plant contribute to improving well-being with ulcers and diseases of the cardiovascular system.
The fruits have a pleasant, slightly sweet taste, so they are suitable for fresh and cooked form. They do not lose their qualities during salting and pickling, due to which they can be used for winter harvesting.
For other varieties of cabbage for pickling and pickling, read the next article.
Commercial quality of the variety makes it suitable for sale.
Pros and cons
The main advantages of growing a variety of Gift:
- Sustainability. Fruits practically do not crack and tolerate temperature changes well.
- Duration of storage. Cabbage does not lose its appearance and taste.
- Productivity Even under adverse conditions, you can get a good harvest.
- Possibility of transportation. Fruits are not damaged during transportation over long distances.
- Germination. Most seeds germinate when planted.
Among the shortcomings can be identified:
- Growing conditions. It is necessary to create suitable conditions for growing varieties. It is necessary to take care of the optimum soil moisture and the presence of useful substances in it.
- Exposure to pests. Cabbage is often damaged by common pests.
Agricultural technology
To get a good harvest of cabbage Gift, you need to pay attention to the main features and growing conditions.
Selection and preparation of beds
Before planting, the breast is prepared according to the following recommendations:
- Good lighting. Required for ripening cabbage. Therefore, the place where the bed will be located should be under the sun, away from trees that can create a shadow.
- Soil acidity. Care must be taken to have low or neutral acidity. This can be achieved by liming the soil.
- Loose earth. The land must definitely be raked. This can be done in the fall or right before planting.
- Fertilization since autumn. To do this, apply humus or manure and mineral fertilizers to the soil, preferably based on potassium and phosphate. Organic fertilizer requires at least 2 buckets per 1 sq. Km. m
- Top dressing in the spring. In the spring, immediately before planting, the soil should be enriched with nitrogen fertilizers.
Good and bad predecessors
The right choice of precursor crops is important for stimulating cabbage growth and preventing disease. For example, if you plant vegetables at the place of cultivation of plants from the Cruciferous family, they become vulnerable to the keel disease.
But when planting cabbage after legumes and cucumbers, it receives more nutrients and grows better.
How to choose seeds?
Seeds should be bought only in specialized stores in packaging from the manufacturer. So lower the risk of acquiring a fake. Seeds from the brands "Search", "Aelita", "Gavrish" are popular.
Before planting, sort out the seeds, get rid of empty and small. A great way to choose a good material is to soak in a 3% salt solution. If the seeds come up, they are not suitable for planting.
Seedling
We need to pay attention to several important points.
Seedling preparation time
Planting seeds for seedlings should be carried out 1-1.5 months before transplanting plants into the ground. The procedure is performed mainly in late April.
Seed preparation
Preparation for planting seeds is as follows:
- Ground preparation. In the container for planting, place the ready-made mixture for seedlings, which can be bought in a specialized store, turf land and sand in equal proportions. For 1 kg of soil obtained, add 1 tbsp. l ashes. Pour the mixture with 1% potassium permanganate solution. After this, it must be left for several days, so that the earth is saturated with useful substances, and only then can you begin to land.
- Seed preparation. Soak the seeds for 20 minutes in water heated to 48-50 degrees. Then hold it under running water for 5 minutes. After that, place it in melt water or a solution with a growth stimulant for 18 hours.
Plant the seeds as soon as they are swollen.
Sowing
Seeds can be planted either in separate containers, or followed by picking.
1st method:
- plant 2-3 seeds in 1 plastic or peat cup with soil;
- thin out the seedlings as they grow until 1 sprout remains.
After a dive, plants should be shaded.
How to dive cabbage read in the next article.
2nd method:
- place the seeds in a container 2 cm apart;
- deepen the seed into the soil no more than 1 cm;
- as soon as the plants appear on 2 leaflets, transplant them into separate containers.
The necessary conditions
Seedlings need such care:
- Lighting. Place the container on a well-lit window sill. In cloudy weather, you can create artificial lighting with a lamp.
- Temperature. Make sure that it is about 18 degrees at the stage of seed germination. As soon as the first sprouts appear, you need to reduce the temperature by 3 degrees.
- Watering. Produce as it dries. Excessive moisture can cause illness.
- Top dressing. Spend after the appearance of 2 leaflets in plants.
- Hardening. Take the plants outside or onto the balcony 1-2 weeks before planting, so that they are accustomed to climatic conditions. Increase the hardening time gradually.
Transplanting seedlings into the ground
It is carried out in May, when it gets warmer on the street. It is best to do this in the evening, at pre-sunset hours. An ideal option would be after rain.
For transplanting seedlings, you must:
- Set the stage. To do this, well pour it with settled water to form dirt. If before this it rained heavily, then this procedure is not required.
- Transplanting. Deepen it into the ground to the level of the bottom sheet. Sprinkle around dry soil to retain moisture.
- Insulation of plants. To help plants take root, cover them for 2 weeks with a non-woven fabric that allows water and air to pass through. If desired, you can not remove it until ripening. It will protect plants from pests and ensure that the optimum temperature is maintained.
You need to plant cabbage at a distance of about 40 cm from each other. The distance between the rows should be at least 70 cm.
Sowing seeds in open ground
If the earth is loose enough, you can sow the seeds in the furrows. Otherwise, loosen the soil and make small holes, about 1 cm deep.
It is better to plant according to the scheme 70 to 70 or even 80 to 80.
The procedure is recommended to be carried out in mid-May, when the ground is already quite warmed up. The air temperature in the street should not fall below 12 degrees.
In the northern regions, cabbage is planted under plastic bottles or under a thermo film, which is removed at the first warming.
Care
The yield of cabbage Gift depends on proper care.
Watering
Cabbage needs good watering. Make sure that the soil around the plants is always a little damp. Bring water under the roots. In hot weather, spray plant leaves with cool water.
Immediately after transplanting seedlings, you need to make about 2 liters of water per 1 plant. As soon as a head of cabbage begins to form, the norm should be increased to 3-4 liters.
Loosening and weeding
You need to remember the rules:
- Weed removal. Delete them as they appear. It’s better not to wait for the weeds to start scattering seeds.
- Rising land. Is 1 of the most important care points. Make sure that the soil around the plants is always loose. The procedure should be carried out immediately after watering, as soon as the ground is saturated with moisture.
- Hilling. Should not be carried out too often. Hills need plants 21 days after transplanting to the garden, and then 1 more time after 2 weeks. This will help the development of the root system.
Top dressing
Feed after watering or rain.
In total, fertilizers need to be applied 2-3 times:
- 2 weeks after planting. Add urea solution.
- 5 weeks after planting. Fertilize the plants with potassium and superphosphate.
- 8 weeks after planting. Similarly, the second. It is carried out in case of severe depletion of the soil.
Be careful when choosing a fertilizer, as it can affect the taste of the fruit.
Feeding can be done as necessary, paying attention to such external signs of plants:
- Slow growth. It is necessary to enrich the soil with a solution of nitrogen.
- Violet shade of leaves. It is better to add superphosphate.
- White spots on the surface of the sheet. Add potash fertilizer.
Harvesting and storage
Harvesting is usually done closer to mid-October. The cabbage maturity is indicated by the density and hardness of the head, large size. Harvesting in cool weather is best, as vegetables will be better stored under this condition. But it is better to collect before frosts.
If cabbage pickling is planned, it can be left in a little frost, so it will become sweeter.
You need to pick out the heads along with the root. Then the stump is cut at a distance of 4 cm from the head. The procedure is not required if it is planned to harvest cabbage for seeds.
Sorting follows. You can only store thick heads of cabbage, loose prepared urgently, pickled or salted.
It is recommended to store in cool cellars or cellars, placing heads of cabbage on wooden shelves. The temperature should be no higher than 5 degrees. Optimum humidity 90%.
Subject to all conditions, cabbage can retain its qualities for up to 6 months.
Seed harvesting
In order to guarantee a good harvest of cabbage Gift, you can harvest the seeds yourself. The procedure is not complicated and can be carried out at home. To do this, you need to take a head of cabbage from last year's crop. It should be large and dense, you can only take heads of cabbage torn from the root.
The following actions must be taken:
- Carefully cut the stump, being careful not to damage the apical kidney. It is located inside the head of cabbage.
- Plant the stump on the bed with the root down. Take care that there are no plants from the Cruciferous family nearby, otherwise you can get a hybrid. Take care of the mother head, like ordinary cabbage.
- As soon as the stems begin to appear, tie them to the stake, being careful not to damage.
- After yellowing the seed pods, remove the stalk from the soil. Otherwise, the seeds may crumble.
- Cut the stems, lay them on a cloth or film in a warm place, so that they dry well.
- Thresh the pods with a wooden block. A wooden handle from a shovel is also suitable.
- To separate the seeds, pass the resulting mass through a sieve or develop in the wind.
- Dry the seeds again, clean in a dry and dark place until the onset of planting.
The resulting seeds can be stored for 5-10 years.
Disease
Cabbage Gift has a fairly high immunity to common diseases. But if the landing conditions are not respected, it can be affected by a keel and a black leg.
Preventive measures will help to avoid the development of cabbage diseases:
- Proper fit. Care must be taken to select the appropriate predecessor cultures. You should also change the place of planting cabbage every time. Planting a plant in the same place is possible only after 3 years.
- Good neighborhood. If you plant cabbage next to onions and garlic, it will be more protected from diseases.
- Tillage. Earth must be safe and contain nutrients. After watering, you need to fluff the soil with the addition of ash.
- Harvesting seeds. Before landing, they need to be disinfected.
- Compliance with the optimal water regime. The soil should not dry out, but excessive moisture should also not be allowed.
- Preventive treatments. There are special disinfecting solutions that can be purchased in stores. They need to be applied to the soil before planting and at the first sign of the development of the disease.
- Sorting. In case of infection of individual plants, they must be removed and destroyed. Treat the rest of the cabbage with a special tool.
Pests
There are several types of pests to which Cabbage Gift is vulnerable:
- Aphid. The most dangerous pest, since it is almost impossible to save cabbage from it.
Preventative measures. Before planting, treat the seeds with garlic solution. To do this, 3 crushed cloves pour 50 ml of hot water. Immerse the seeds in the solution as soon as its temperature drops to 50 degrees. You need to keep 1 hour. - Cruciferous fleas. These parasites gnaw through the leaves of plants, which leads to their early withering and death.
You can prevent their appearance if you timely weed the beds with cabbage. You can also spray the leaves with a solution of chamomile. If large areas of plants are affected, you can get rid of the flea with the help of chemicals. Anabazine sulfate is suitable in a proportion of 10 g of the product per 10 liters of water. - Cabbage fly. Destroys the plant, eating it at the roots.
To prevent its occurrence, during loosening, add ash or red pepper to the soil. - Snails and slugs. Cabbage leaves are eaten, which leads to its unsuitability for consumption, loss of presentation.
A great way to deal with them is to breed in the area of toads that eat pests. You can also cultivate the earth around the cabbage with lime or chopped shells. - Cabbage scoop. This butterfly is active in the dark. She eats cabbage leaves and lays offspring in heads of cabbage.
The best way to prevent the parasitization of the butterfly is to properly prepare the soil in the autumn. You can also treat the leaves with chemicals. - Cabbage whitewash. The caterpillars of this butterfly cause irreparable harm to the commercial qualities of the vegetable, gnawing small holes in the leaves.
They can be assembled by hand. If there are a lot of caterpillars, the sheets are sprayed with Intavir solution in the proportion of 1 tablet per 10 liters of liquid. Processing is carried out in dry weather. Re-use the solution after 10 days.
You can scare away insects if you plant a plant with a pronounced smell around the perimeter of the bed - calendula, marigold, sage.
Reviews
The most informative reviews:
Alexander, 60 years old. I have been growing cabbage Gift for almost 20 years. Good grade, proven. Every year I harvest seeds myself and plant them in open ground at my site. The crop is always large, regardless of weather conditions. I especially like cabbage soup with this cabbage.
Elena, 45 years old. 2nd year I plant a grade Gift. Last year I received a large crop of neat heads of cabbage. True, the collection time missed a little, and a few heads of cabbage remained in the cold. But the salting of them turned out excellent. This year I’ll try to grow the seeds myself.
Andrey, 49 years old. I think Gift is the best variety to sell. Heads of cabbage turn out to be dense, tolerate transportation well and are stored for a long time. I try to grow them in medium size, they are better sorted. I myself leave a few heads of cabbage, eat them for the prevention of heart disease.
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To get a good harvest of cabbage Gift, you need to take care of the proper care of the plants. You should buy seeds in specialized stores, but it is better to harvest them yourself. Growing a variety guarantees the receipt of vegetables suitable for sale and consumption in any form.
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