Peled is a shy fish, but experienced fishermen are able to choose the moment and method of fishing in order to grab a large specimen, which will later be prepared in any way. Cheese can be grown in a pond for personal consumption or for sale. Such a business is considered profitable if you acquire regular customers.
Who is the peled fish?
Peled is a lake-river fish, which is popularly grown not only in a natural, but also in an artificial way. On average, the length of the fish reaches about 40-55 centimeters with a weight of 2-3 kilograms, sometimes body weight can be 4-5 kilograms. The life expectancy of cheese is 8-11 years.
The peled has a laterally compressed body of silver color. A distinctive feature is a clearly visible dark gray strip on the body. Black dots are located on the head and dorsal fin. It has a terminal mouth, many gill stamens and a longer upper jaw. For peled, the presence of a fat fin located between the dorsal and caudal is characteristic. The body of the fish is densely covered with scales.
There are three forms of peled:
- Fast growing river. It is found in rivers and lakes. Matures in the third year of life.
- Lake dwarf. The fish received a small size due to living in small lakes.
- Lake ordinary. It does not leave its habitat, all the time it is where it has settled.
The competitors peled include the young of other whitefish, vendace and tugun. The natural enemies of fish are pike, burbot and other fish species that eat caviar.
Where does it live and what conditions are required?
Pelyad is found in fresh water bodies of Eurasia, in rivers and lakes, stretching from Karelia to Kolyma. Fish does not go to sea, to salt water. Peled in the lakes spawn. Does not prefer fast flowing water. Most of its time also lives in lakes. Due to such features of peled, its breeding is carried out on a large territory, mainly in the northwestern part of Russia.
But some varieties of cheese live in the running water of the northern rivers. Peleds prefer to keep in packs, avoiding dense underwater vegetation. If at a young age the individual is distinguished by strength, it usually leaves the pack in summer and settles in the depths. Very young specimens are characterized by a different habitat: they settle in coastal waters and swim in places inhabited by vegetation. After the ice melts in the spring, the river fish tends to get into the floodplain lakes, where it will be able to recover, gain strength and get enough of it.
In addition, she tries to find herself in tributaries or elders, where by the spring period a lot of forage for peled accumulates. As soon as the flood falls, the peled tries to leave such reservoirs and return to the rivers.
What does the peled eat?
The main diet of the cheese is zooplankton and crustaceans. This greatly complicates the catching of peled: it rarely pounces on the bait, familiar to other representatives of the ichthyofauna. Catch peled at any time of the year. In order to find the place where the fish feed, pay attention to the specific circles and bursts on the surface of the water surface.
Peled can also use maggots, worms, mosquitoes, bloodworms, mollusks, amphipods, gammarids as food. For this reason, in the summer, fishermen use the non-muscular method for fishing.
Cheese spawning
The process of spawning peled occurs in the autumn season, when freezing begins or ends, in September-December. As spawning grounds, fish choose places covered with pebbles, and providing for the exit of the spring. For normal breeding fish need cold water, its temperature should not be more than 8 degrees. Often spawning occurs at a temperature closer to 0 degrees.
Peled is capable of sweeping more than a couple of tens of thousands of eggs, diameters of about 1.5 millimeters.
Hatched larvae gradually grow, and are no longer considered fry, reaching 6-7 months of age. In the rivers, fish ripening is a little slower, it grows up to 3-8 years. But lacustrine representatives ripen much earlier - by 2-3 years. It all depends on the nutrition of the fish, the better it is, the faster the peled will breed, and spawning will take place every year or with an interval of 12 months.
Is opisthorchiasis fish?
It’s not common for everyone to think about the danger that fish lovers can expect after a river catch. Almost 90% of fish are infected with worms of opisthorchiasis. Fish with helminth larvae are caught in such rivers as the Volga, Ural, Ob, Irtysh, Dnieper, and Northern Dvina.
It is widely believed that disease carriers are exclusively fish of the cyprinid family. It was previously believed that peled had nothing to do with worms. But it is not so.
Carp fish are considered to be leaders in the field of infection, but at the same time, other fish species that prefer cold water can become infected. Opisthorchiasis can take root in the body of many fish, in this case the peled is no exception. Over the past few years, pathogens of opisthorchiasis have been repeatedly found in this whitefish variety. For this reason, it is especially dangerous to eat fish for food, because there is a risk of infection with worms.
The presence of worms in a peled depends on where the peled lives. Previously, opisthorchiasis settled in mollusks and fish of the cyprinid family. The cheese can be infected if it is with cyprinids in the same water.
Peled is a predatory fish that eats shellfish and other fish, which makes it a source of infection for others. Eggs of worms penetrate the body of the cheese along with the eaten specimens; there, maturation and further development takes place.
It is easy to identify the parasite when looking at the insides of the fish carcass. Worm larvae look like atypical formations in the form of whitish rice grains. Seeing this, it makes no sense to doubt, the cheese is infected with worms. When eating infected fish, worms settle in the liver and gall bladder of a person, where they actively begin to lay eggs.
Fishing features
Catching peled can involve some difficulties. In the absence of plankton, the fish will feed on bottom organisms, because of which it will not pounce on standard bait. The fish do not like sharp hooking, because this leads to the fact that its weak lips are torn. A sharp fishery ends with the fish going deep.
Fishing time
They catch fish throughout the year, but more often in the summer. The fish has an excellent feature - it calmly tolerates a lack of oxygen in the water, which allows it to feel better throughout the winter. In the period just before the end of winter, ponds are poor in food and any feeding will be attractive for peled. In such a situation, it will come out under the ice itself, which may turn out to be easy prey for the fisherman.
Tackle
Peled is a shy fish, and it is better to catch it in complete silence. It is permissible to go fishing at any time of the year. Find a habitat will help a splash in the water and special circles. For winter fishing, the use of a conventional fishing rod is recommended, and in the summer, a float fishing rod without a sinker is considered effective. It is equally popular to catch cheese on fly fishing with a fishing rod of 5 meters, gill nets and net.
For catching peled it is better to use a fishing line with a thickness of 0.2-0.22 mm. The hook must be selected at number 4 or 5. The bite of the fish resembles a sharp jerk. If a large individual comes across, there will be difficulties with survival.
To catch peled on the Volga, it is advisable to have pobedok with you - a simple meter-long rod. A fishing line, 2.5-4 meters long, is tied to it. In the process of fishing, several pobradok are used. The beginning of fishing begins with the fact that the fisherman goes into the depths and tries to make the water cloudy, because the peled dregs are especially attractive. She strives for a cloudy cloud, counting on good prey. She will notice the bait and grab it. Stripping is required very carefully, but at the same time sharply, although this may result in loss of catch.
Large peled is able to drive a fishing line for a long time, until the fisherman makes every effort to pull out the fish. Experienced fishermen put the tackle at the bottom, at the feet, holding on to the top. The current will gradually carry the bait down, which is why it sometimes needs to be pulled back. After 10-15 minutes of such fishing, they go up a couple of steps upstream, and the technique is repeated.
Bait
In the summer, fishermen use ordinary earthworm, mollusk or bloodworm as bait. It is permissible to try to catch peled on maggots, but this bait, unlike previous options, is less effective. The hook is held approximately in the middle of the water column. The favorite depth of a peled is considered to be a distance from the bottom of about 70-150 centimeters.
In winter, do not use live bait. In such a situation, it is best to use mormyshka.
You can increase the chances of catching peled in another way: use a special, shaded hole. This is done quite simply. Rollers are made of snow around the hole so that the shadow from them completely obscures the water of the hole. The height of such a roller should be about 1 meter. The bait is kept no deeper than 5-6 centimeters from the bottom edge of the ice. If the fish does not bite, it is recommended to catch it both at medium depths and near the ice itself.
Is it possible to breed and grow fish?
It is possible to increase the profitability of the fish-farming business when breeding peled with the carp. In addition to increasing the productivity of the reservoir, this method contributes to the excellent prevention of helminthiasis in other fish, because the peled is a slope for eating copepod crustaceans, which are an important intermediate in the parasite development cycle.
Breeding and rearing of fish occurs in stages:
- First step consists of pre-prepared broodstock from which caviar is obtained. For this, the best females and males are selected, they are launched into small ponds, from where they are subsequently caught. In November, fish are planted in separate flowing ponds in the room for the purpose of ripening. The volume of ponds should be at least 70 cubic meters and have an elongated shape. In order for the fish to be comfortable in them, the water is updated regularly - every 8 hours. It is permissible to let in no more than 1,500 individual producers into one pond.
- Second phase consists in the fact that ready-made producers are sent in groups of 250 individuals to small pools, where caviar is selected. Usually males are “used” several times with interruptions of 2-3 days. Fertilized eggs are sent to the incubator - this will provide the embryos with an optimal level of oxygen saturation. Depending on the temperature regime, the incubation period lasts 123-145 days. At this time, it is necessary to carry out preventive flushing of caviar using special solutions. After the larvae appear, they are sent to cages. After a week, they are ready to eat actively.
- Third stage begins with the launch of fry in the pond for yearlings, where they grow together with carps. Planting density is carried out at the rate of 20-25 thousand larvae per 1 hectare. Optimally, if the depth of the pond is not more than 3 meters, and the area is 15-20 hectares. In this case, the amount of sludge at the bottom of the reservoir does not matter, because the peled leaves it together with the drained water. Ponds with young animals do not need filtration for two months. Only when fish of this age are reached, the creation of a flowing reservoir is required.
Although the peled can feel fine in warm water, it is still better to keep it in a pond where the water temperature does not exceed 22 degrees. The cheese is caught when the mark drops to 5 degrees or lower.
Today, peled survival is about 50%, due to which about 1 centner of fish is obtained from 1 hectare with an average weight of yearlings of about 20-25 grams.
Pelad yearlings often winter in the wintering of cyprinids, while the oxygen content should be at least 5 mg / l. the planting rate of peled yearlings per 1 hectare is up to 120 thousand. In recent years, fish farmers have been building wintering complexes for peled yearlings, which are “greenhouse” pools that are buried 2 meters into the ground.
Regarding the period of fishing for further sale, it is difficult to answer unequivocally. In the natural environment, the weight of a three-year-old peled is 200-350 grams, of a four-year-old fish - 300-600 grams, of a five-year-old individual - 500-700 grams. More profitable will be the sale of fish at the age of two.
Survival and fish productivity
In the first summer of life in ponds, the survival of peled is 80% of the number of larvae planted, in the second year of 80-90% in rivers, 60% in lakes of the number of yearlings planted. When the peled reaches three years of age, its growth slows down, which is why it is caught from lakes. Unlike other whitefish, the peled is undemanding to the level of oxygen in the water, due to which it stably tolerates the water temperature of about 0 degrees.
The fertility of a two-year-old cheese mass grown in a pond weighing 350 grams is 15 thousand eggs, and 500 grams - 200 thousand eggs per one female peled.
The productivity of fish in shallow lakes when co-grown with carp is about 100-120 kilograms per hectare, in ponds - up to 250 kilograms per 1 hectare. It is recommended to grow peled in large ponds, where the total area reaches at least 100 hectares.
The benefits and harms of fish
The consumption of peled in food has a beneficial effect on the human body. Its composition includes many micro and macro elements that contribute to the restoration of cells, normalize the functioning of the nervous system. Peled meat is rich in chromium, which is necessary to maintain optimal blood sugar levels.
With the regular inclusion of fish in the diet, it will be possible to normalize sleep, get rid of depression, irritability. Fish helps eliminate constipation and bad breath from the mouth. Fish meat contains substances that help make the skin supple and supple.
Consuming fish several times a week, the concentration of attention will improve, chronic fatigue will disappear. Also, cheese is a product that favorably affects the digestive system, eliminates cramping and pain in the stomach. Pelyad is rich in potassium, which normalizes the functioning of the heart muscle, and the presence of phosphorus optimizes the functioning of the reproductive system, especially in women.
Peled is an excellent prophylactic against atherosclerosis and helps lower cholesterol. The calorie content of 100 grams of peled meat is only 126 calories, fish are included in the diet when dieting.
Despite the many useful properties, fish can not be consumed in some cases:
- Pelyad, which did not pass sanitary control or was caught in polluted reservoirs, can be infected with worms by opisthorchiasis.
- With frequent consumption, more than 4 times a week, an allergic reaction can develop, which will provoke rashes on the body, cause heaviness in the stomach, sometimes nausea.
- Fish is not suitable for consumption by children under 1 year old.
But this does not mean that fish is generally forbidden to consume. In any case, you must be careful and monitor your health.
Peled fish is considered a valuable commercial inhabitant. Fishing for “laughing” fish becomes interesting and exciting, because hunting for individuals of the whitefish family is not as easy as it seems at first glance. But the capture of a large specimen is a real success for the fisherman.
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Ukraine.City: Kryvyi Rih
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